Senin, 19 Desember 2011

Free PDF Who We Are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past, by David Reich

Free PDF Who We Are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past, by David Reich

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Who We Are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past, by David Reich

Who We Are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past, by David Reich


Who We Are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past, by David Reich


Free PDF Who We Are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past, by David Reich

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Who We Are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past, by David Reich

Review

“Few subjects fascinate us as much as human origins. . . . If you want to understand our origins over the course of the last 100,000 years, this book will be the best up-to-date account for you.” —Jared Diamond, The New York Times Book Review"The work in [Reich's] lab has reshaped our understanding of human prehistory. . . . He and his colleagues have shed light on the peopling of the planet and the spread of agriculture, among other momentous events."—Carl Zimmer, The New York Times"Reich documents an extraordinary moment in the history of science. . . . A potential political bombshell."—The Wall Street Journal"In Who We Are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past, David Reich . . . introduces us to the 21st-century Rosetta Stone: ancient DNA, which will do more for our understanding of prehistory than radiocarbon dating did. . . . Who We Are and How We Got Here is less than 300 pages of text, but it is packed with startling facts and novel revelations that overturn the conventional expectations of both science and common sense.”—The National Review“An excerpt from David Reich's new book, Who We Are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past, recently touched off a media and cultural firestorm in the United States. Appearing as an op-ed in The New York Times, ‘How Genetics is Changing Our Understanding of “Race”’, it had Reich stating that he is ‘worried that well-meaning people who deny the possibility of substantial biological differences among human populations are digging themselves into an indefensible position, one that will not survive the onslaught of science.’ This was not unlike tossing a grenade into the public square. But perched at Harvard, as one of his generation's most eminent human population geneticists, Reich will move forward unscathed. The reason is simple: Who We Are . . . is mostly not a controversial book, but a wondrous one. It sheds light on the nascent field of ancient DNA, paleogenetics, which is exposing the human past by tracing population histories. Give a paleogeneticist a single genome, and they will unfurl the history of whole peoples.”—India Today"Ancient DNA is rewriting human (and Neanderthal) history. The genomes of the long dead are turning up all sorts of unexpected and controversial findings. Who We Are and How We Got Here, charts the myriad ways the study of ancient DNA is lobbing bombs into the halls of established wisdom."—The Atlantic"A thrilling account of mapping humans through time and place. . . . Genomics and statistics have drawn back the curtain on the sort of sex and power struggles you’d expect in Game of Thrones. . . . We do need a non-loaded way to talk about genetic diversity and similarities in populations. This book goes some way to starting that conversation."—Nature“In this comprehensive and provocative book, David Reich exhumes and examines fundamental questions about our origin and future using powerful evidence from human genetics. What does ‘race’ mean in 2018? How alike and how unlike are we? What does identity mean? Reich’s book is sobering and clear-eyed, and, in equal parts, thrilling and thought provoking. There were times that I had to stand up and clear my thoughts to continue reading this astonishing and important book.”—Siddhartha Mukherjee, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of The Emperor of All Maladies “Reich’s book reads like notes from the frontline of the 'Ancient DNA Revolution' with all the spellbinding drama and intrigue that come with such a huge transformation in our understanding of human history."—Anne Wojcicki, CEO and Co-Founder of 23andMe“In just five years, the study of ancient DNA has transformed our understanding of world prehistory. The geneticist David Reich, one of the pioneers in this field, here gives the brilliantly lucid first account of the resulting new view of human origins and of the later dispersals that went on to shape the modern world.”—Colin Renfrew, Disney Professor of Archeology Emeritus, University of Cambridge “Reich’s magisterial book gives a riveting account of human prehistory and history through the new lens provided by ancient DNA data. The story of human populations, as he shows, is ever one of widespread and repeated mixing, debunking the fiction of ‘pure’ populations.”—Molly Przeworski, Professor of Biological Sciences, Columbia University “This breathtaking book dramatically revises our understanding of the deep history of our species in our African homeland and beyond. Beautifully written, it reads like a detective novel and demonstrates a hard truth that often makes many of us uncomfortable: not only are all human beings mixed, but our intuitive understanding of the evolution of the population structure of the world around us is not to be trusted.”—Henry Louis Gates Jr., University Professor, Harvard University, and Executive Producer of Finding Your Roots  “This absorbing book will blow you away with its rich and astounding account of where we came from and why that matters. Reich tells the surprising story of how humans got to every corner of the planet, which was revealed only after he and other scientists unlocked the secrets of ancient DNA. The courageous, compassionate, and highly personal climax will transform how you think about the meaning of ancestry and race.”—Daniel E. Lieberman, Professor of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, and author of The Story of the Human Body: Evolution, Health, and Disease  “Powerful writing and extraordinary insights animate this endlessly fascinating account, by a world scientific leader, of who we modern humans are and how our ancestors arrived in the diverse corners of the world. I could not put the book down.”—Robert Weinberg, Professor of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology"David Reich uses the power of modern genome analysis to show the fascinating complexity of human migration and history. By letting the data lead him, he treads a narrow path between racists and xenophobes on one side and left-wing ideologues on the other. Although many of his conclusions will be controversial, he starts a necessary conversation about what modern genome analysis can tell us about the variability of human populations." —Sir Venki Ramakrishnan, Nobel Laureate and President of the Royal Society, London[Praise from the UK]:"Remarkable. . . . Spectacular. . . . In making constant new discoveries about humanity, Reich and his Harvard team are now plunging into uncharted academic waters. . . . Reich’s influence in this field has been immense and the output of his department monumental. . .  . Thrilling in its clarity and its scope."—The Guardian"David Reich of Harvard Medical School is one of the leading lights in the field of ancient DNA. His team's work has cast a new perspective on human history, reconstructing the epic migrations and genetic exchanges that shaped the people of different regions worldwide."—BBC"This is a compendious book . . . its importance cannot be overstated and neither can some of its best stories." —Sunday Times"Who We Are and How We Got Here provides a marvellous synthesis of the field." —Financial Times

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About the Author

DAVID REICH, Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School, and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator, is one of the world’s leading pioneers in analyzing ancient human DNA. In a 2015 article in Nature, he was named one of ten people who matter in all of the sciences for his contribution to transforming ancient DNA data "from niche pursuit to industrial process." Awards he has received include the Newcomb Cleveland Prize from the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Dan David Prize in the Archaeological and Natural Sciences for his computational discovery of intermixing between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens.

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Product details

Paperback: 368 pages

Publisher: Vintage; Reprint edition (February 5, 2019)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 1101873469

ISBN-13: 978-1101873465

Product Dimensions:

5.2 x 0.8 x 8 inches

Shipping Weight: 11.8 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

4.4 out of 5 stars

186 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#7,367 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

Human beings have always felt a need to understand our origins. In premodern times we had to rely upon myths and traditions handed down by our ancestors. In the West, we are mostly familiar with the stories in the Bible but of course other peoples and cultures had their own myths about the creation of the universe and humanity.Beginning around the time of the French and American revolutions, archaeology started to assist in explaining the distant past. Ancient languages were deciphered, literatures were compared and scholars were able to speculate on the nature of human cultures both before and after the invention of writing.However, the technologies which allow ancient human genomes to reveal the origins and migrations of peoples are, as Dr. Reich describes, comparable to the invention of the microscope in the amount of light that can be shed on human history and prehistory. While still in its infancy as a science, the genomic research performed by Dr. Reich and his colleagues has already upended theories of human origins from Europe to India with scientifically grounded accounts.The emphasis here is on scientific, in that, unlike debates over literary composition of ancient texts, the accounts of history derived from the genome are falsifiable. One could always sequence the genome of another ancient human and provide evidence that, say, Dr. Reich’s account of a population from the Eurasian steppe invading India around the time of the Vedic writings is not supported.One can read this book simply for its insights into prehistory as it supplies theories, some provisional, to account for all the major peoples of the world: European, South Asian, East Asian, Polynesian, African and Native Americans from North and South America.But one can also read the book for the excitement at the birth of a new science that promises to be as revelatory as the observations from satellites scanning distant galaxies for the origins of dark matter. Not since reading The Double Helix by James Watson, one of the discovers of DNA, have I been so captivated by the story of a new branch of knowledge coming into being.The book is written with a minimum of jargon and is accessible to the scientific laymen. Because of its captivating story and style I would strongly recommend this book to all mature readers. Just as understanding Darwinian evolution is essential to understanding human nature, so too understanding the prehistory of humanity as revealed by our genome will become an essential part of our global modern civilization’s self understanding.

Here is a book that captures the breath-taking changes in genomics and the effect on our understanding of the human past, by a pioneer in the subject. "Who We Are And How We Got Here" provides an explanation of the rapidly evolving technology in layman's terms. Author David Reich then walks the reader through the new theories on how modern human populations came to inhabit various portions of the world. The changes are stunning, with the promise of more to come.For this former anthropology student, the discussion of the populating of Europe and the Americas was particularly fascinating. That process was far more complex than could be taught a generation ago. Genomics is providing levels of detail that simply weren't available to earlier researchers. The author sketches the roles played by various populations of modern humans, Neanderthals, and Denisovans, and their sometimes surprising contributions to the current populations of those regions. The maps and charts are particularly helpful in illustrating the discussion, which can get a little dense.In later chapters, the author "goes there" and warns that future study may reveal differences in human populations that go beyond physical appearance. He is properly nervous about the impact of that information and how it might be misused, but determined to embrace the progress in science. Highly recommended to the general reader.

David Reich's book is generating some controversy for reasons I don't really understand. It is a fascinating exploration of some of the most exciting current research in human genetics. If your ears have perked up when you've heard about DNA being extracted from Neanderthal fossils (or older), this book will satisfy many of your questions. If I had known this was coming when I dipped my toes in genetics in college, would have jumped in rather run for the hills.Another significant point about the e-book.... The Kindle version of this book is the _first_ that I have personally seen where the e-book is noticeably _better_ than the paper. In particular, charts and images that are often produced terribly badly in e-books are particularly good here.

I enjoy and read a lot of history. Until recently, I thought the best we could do in determining things about early human history was to speculate based on the bones and pots found by archeologists. Now Dr. Reich and a growing number of geneticists who are specializing in early (deep) human history are working out the details of early human history in a way that I would have thought impossible even a decade ago. Using human genomes from both modern and from ancient bones they are able to provide details information about human populations and migrations.For example, they can not only tell us that European hunters and gathers were invaded by farmers from Antolia around 9000 ybp, but can also tell us that these early hunters/gathers and farmers were themselves wiped out by later pastorial migrants from the caucaus who spoke endo-european. This isn't speculation, as we are used to in history texts, but based on facts generated by new techniques that let us analyze the genomes of modern and ancient bones. Many fascinating historical questions that I would have thought could never be answered and now answered.This is a must read book for anyone interested in early human history. It's well written and reasonably clear as to techniques involved, etc. For moe detail you would need to read scientific papers being published.

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Sabtu, 17 Desember 2011

Free PDF Your Microscope Hobby: How To Make Multi-colored Filters: Rheinberg, Polarizing, Darkfield and Oblique, by Michael Shaw

Free PDF Your Microscope Hobby: How To Make Multi-colored Filters: Rheinberg, Polarizing, Darkfield and Oblique, by Michael Shaw

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Your Microscope Hobby: How To Make Multi-colored Filters: Rheinberg, Polarizing, Darkfield and Oblique, by Michael Shaw

Your Microscope Hobby: How To Make Multi-colored Filters: Rheinberg, Polarizing, Darkfield and Oblique, by Michael Shaw


Your Microscope Hobby: How To Make Multi-colored Filters: Rheinberg, Polarizing, Darkfield and Oblique, by Michael Shaw


Free PDF Your Microscope Hobby: How To Make Multi-colored Filters: Rheinberg, Polarizing, Darkfield and Oblique, by Michael Shaw

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Your Microscope Hobby: How To Make Multi-colored Filters: Rheinberg, Polarizing, Darkfield and Oblique, by Michael Shaw

Product details

Paperback: 254 pages

Publisher: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (April 7, 2015)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 1511421479

ISBN-13: 978-1511421478

Product Dimensions:

6 x 0.6 x 9 inches

Shipping Weight: 15.7 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

4.0 out of 5 stars

22 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#1,093,119 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

Pros: The content of this book (I bought the paperback edition) is great. The concepts and techniques are well thought out. Most importantly, everything is explained in every day, easy to understand language.Cons: There are 144 photos in this book. Unfortunately every single photo in the book is presented in black-and-white. Shouldn't a book about creating beautiful "multi-colored" filters be printed in color? It does seem like good color photos would be very helpful to hobbyists new to microscopy.

I've got both versions- printed and Kindle. I wish this book had better illustrations and wasn't quite so self-serving as well as how to market Reinberg filters. I was hoping to learn a lot more about using them instead of how to sell them, There are a number of links to sites that discuss them. Why couldn't this be done in the book.It made me think that the author was so enamored with his success selling filters that he HAD to show me how to do it. I don't want to make them, or sell them, I want to understand them better.Disappointing.

This book is just under 200 pages and evolved from a paperback Michael Shaw had written. As would be expected, much of the material from the paperback version had been carried over to the electronic version. However, the book has been revised and additional material added. For example, there is now a chapter on how to attach a digital camera to a microscope. As noted by the previous reviewers this is a how to book: it is a practical guide for making Rheinberg filters as well as providing some guidelines on making oblique illumination stops and using polarizing filters. So it would be incomplete to say that this book JUST covers making Rheinberg filter. It is more general and should provide a working guideline on how to increase contrast when viewing transparent specimens in a light microscope. The materials and methods are inexpensive and simple and will be of value to the hobbyist who enjoys viewing the micro world.The book is not a theoretical analysis on microscope illumination strategies. Rather is is a guide book that encourages the microscopist to play with his microscope, enabling him to generate colorful images from specimens that are normally colorless. The book has color illustrations.A quick note on reading the book. You do not need a Kindle. All you need is a smart phone or a computer or a tablet that can run the Kindle Reading Apps (the two I downloaded for my iPhone and Mac computer were free). So don't be put off from buying this book if you don't own a Kindle.I recommend this book. It is an easy and fast read and provides numerous helpful suggestions and insights on working with a microscope.Brian Matsumoto[...]

Not sure how I came across this book, but wow what an informative read. If you have any interest in microscopes either for work, school or play, this book is for you. Michael creates microscope filters for people and institutions across the world. In this book he shares with you first how to use those filters then how to make your own filters if you are interested. He then goes one step further and walks you through how he setup his business on the web to market and sell his products. He provides guidance on how to setup a marketing website, create an order management system and deliver superior customer service.So who is this book for, here are just a few people I think would benefit- Scientists looking for a source for Rheinburg filters- Hobbyists that want to expand their knowledge and have more fun with their microscopes- DIY folks who want to build a microscope out of their digital camera- School kids looking for an idea for their science project- Anyone that is interested in setting up an online business to sell products

Sooner or later, anyone who uses a microscope, whether for business or pleasure, will discover Rheinberg illumination which is produced by using Rheinberg Filters. Invented in 1896 by Julius Rheinberg, Rheinberg illumination reveals details and yields striking images which simply can not be produced by any other means. The only problem is that commercially produced filters, if one can find them for their particular make and model of microscope, are prohibitively expensive.The internet hosts many articles on Rheinberg Illumination and filters, and it hosts a few which contain cursory instruction on how to make them, but as is so often the case, cursory instruction leads to nothing but frustration and poor results. Fortunately, there is one definitive resource for those wishing to learn the art of constructing Rheinberg filters: Mike Shaw's book How To Make Rheinberg Filters. Mr. Shaw's book thoroughly describes and illustrates every aspect of making Rheinberg and some other filters used in microscopy. Filter construction aside, the book contains valuable information as to where tools and supplies may be procured, how common household tools can be re-purposed for filter making, and even how to market and sell filters as a business. Although he describes many sources for supplies, Mr. Shaw also maintains an Amazon.com store for those readers wishing to purchase some of the tools and materials mentioned in the book.How To Make Rheinberg Filters is written in a personable, easy-to-read style. The author avoids becoming bogged down in optical theory, and avoids using overly technical terminology. To his credit, and of great benefit to the reader, Mr. Shaw emphasizes the simple and practical. As a result, his book is suitable for use by both student and adult readers. Professionals and hobbyists alike will find great value in the book's contents.Besides Rheinberg filters, there is a thorough discussion of Darkfield Illumination, filters and their construction. Some expensive professional microscopes contain built-in Darkfield Illumination, but most do not. Simple to construct using Mr. Shaw's techniques, one can quickly make a Darkfield filter which would cost ten times the book's price if purchased from a microscope manufacturer. For those unfamiliar, Darkfield Illumination produces images which reveal details not visible using a microscope's standard (Brightfield) Illumination. A related experimental filtering technique described as DIY Filtering is covered here as well. This section alone is well worth many times the price of the book.There is some bonus material included in How To Make Rheinberg Filters. Although not relating to Rheinberg, the author has included a chapter on how to make an inexpensive microscope camera mount, and how to build a simple but effective plant press for preserving plant specimens collected from the field.In conclusion, I recommend this book to anyone interested in understanding, making, and or using Rheinberg filters or the other microscope filters discussed in How To Make Rheinberg Filters.

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